Information Communication Technologies Strategies Essay

Data Communication Technologies Strategies - Essay Example The board Information System is the answer for smooth out a business through compelling data the executives and dynamic. The point of this task is to plan and actualize another improved administration data framework to serve Chelsea Hotel is claimed by Crimson Hotels, which is a quickly developing inn gathering, with properties in key areas in the UK, Portugal and UAE at present incorporate a model administration data framework, nonetheless, its not as viable and productive as it ought to be. There are numerous deficiencies for example; it doesn't give all necessary data and reports, and wasteful information extra room. What's more Chelsea Hotel is discovering troubles in overhauling and settling arrangements confronted with the product because of its model nature Chelsea's ebb and flow the board data framework doesn't contain an assistance wizard to aid assignments and critical thinking. In a domain of expanding guideline and prosecution building up straightforward, solid and complete data the board practices and quality data is basic for business achievement and maintainability PCs are presumably the most proficient and powerful spot to store and oversee data. Overseeing data viably is a ground-breaking procedure for organizations to perform adequately and effectively. At the point when data is overseen in a key way, they upgrade the way toward smoothing out business and improve odds of achievement. For example, it improves dynamic, permits coordination, stores records and information in a successful way which is time proficient while getting to required information, and it guarantees all information is spared and supported up. The administration of such framework is alluded to as 'The executives Information System (MIS)'. Besides, Management Information Systems upgrade association execution from multiple points of view that will be talked about all through further sections of this venture. To accomplish my task goal of planning a Management Information System for Chelsea Hotel, I needed to investigate and acquire most extreme information with respect to Management Information Systems. This was at first done, through investigating the foundation and reason for Management Information Systems and its focal points. Ensuing to my first exploration, I saw Chelsea Hotel's ebb and flow Management Information System and went to a few gatherings with administrators all through the organization, to acquire information in regards to their issues and prerequisites. At long last I investigated a few strategies and programming projects to send, so as to locate the most appropriate programming for my ebb and flow project.After meeting with Chelsea Hotel Co. administrative staff, and proposing a few recommendations with respect to framework conveying, we arrived at a finish of utilizing famous market programming called Clarity Professional, which will be talked about in further section s of this undertaking. 2 Information Communication Systems 2.1 Background of Management Information Systems The executives Information Systems (MIS) were presented in the 1640's, with the goal to process information and give data. In the 1960's Management Information framework began to get noticeable and picked up fame inside the business world to

Mosquito Fest :: Personal Narrative Descriptive Place Essays

Mosquito Fest I felt a little tickle on my arm. It transformed into a squeezing tingle. I took a gander at my powerless white arm to locate a little dark striped mosquito irritating my spotless tissue for the ideal spot to strike. At the speed of light it was at that point infusing my skin and when I looked, it had vanquished my blood. Mosquitoes, mosquitoes, mosquitoes! Aaaahhhh! They can make anybody insane. Strolling through the loungers, not even the creepy crawly repellent will spare you. I just don’t get it. I’m yielding my skin by wearing bug repellant with deet (which softens plastic) and these salt water beasts despite everything oversaw and set out to squeeze and enter however my skin, draining my blood out of me. One of my colleagues disclosed to me a mosquito mystery. She said on the off chance that I pulled my skin, extending it in inverse ways while a mosquito is gnawing me, it’s stinger would get caught in the skin and it would detonate. I thought about how on Earth this was conceivable until she instructed me that the mosquito would keep on drawing blood as an endeavor to get out. I believed that she was right since she works with the Everglades and she has done this without anyone else's help. I was so astonished with this data that I couldn’t stand by to blast one of those little aggravations myself. It’s unusual in light of the fact that I don’t ever murder creepy crawlies. I don’t have the heart to. I accept that simply like people they have their own lives and reserve the privilege to live. I don’t even execute flies. I surmise that is on the grounds that they don’t chomp or genuinely annoy me. Now and then I’ll discover a reptile meandering in my home. At the point when I end up in a circumstance like this, I’ll open the closest window or entryway and push or lead it out with a brush. Little reptiles I really get with my exposed hands. Additionally, I’m upbeat they eat flies and reptiles. I don’t backing or use bug splash (I think it’s totally coldblooded). Along these lines, back to mosquitoes: Going through the Bid Cypress Swamp, Lynette and I were attempting to let mosquitoes chomp us so we would have the option to pop them. We weren’t lucky however. I without a doubt, couldn’t manage the way that I would have been left with a red knock, also it would truly trouble me tingling like insane for several days. Mosquito Fest :: Personal Narrative Descriptive Place Essays Mosquito Fest I felt a little tickle on my arm. It transformed into a squeezing tingle. I took a gander at my powerless white arm to locate a little dark striped mosquito annoying my perfect substance for the ideal spot to strike. At the speed of light it was at that point infusing my skin and when I looked, it had vanquished my blood. Mosquitoes, mosquitoes, mosquitoes! Aaaahhhh! They can make anybody insane. Strolling through the loungers, not even the bug repellent will spare you. I just don’t get it. I’m giving up my skin by wearing bug repellant with deet (which dissolves plastic) and these salt water beasts despite everything oversaw and set out to squeeze and enter however my skin, draining my blood out of me. One of my colleagues disclosed to me a mosquito mystery. She said in the event that I pulled my skin, extending it in inverse ways while a mosquito is gnawing me, it’s stinger would get caught in the skin and it would detonate. I considered how on Earth this was conceivable until she instructed me that the mosquito would keep on drawing blood as an endeavor to get out. I believed that she was right since she works with the Everglades and she has done this without anyone else's help. I was so flabbergasted with this data that I couldn’t hold on to blast one of those little aggravations myself. It’s abnormal in light of the fact that I don’t ever slaughter creepy crawlies. I don’t have the heart to. I accept that simply like people they have their own lives and reserve the option to live. I don’t even murder flies. I surmise that is on the grounds that they don’t nibble or truly annoy me. Sometimes I’ll discover a reptile wandering in my home. At the point when I end up in a circumstance like this, I’ll open the closest window or entryway and push or lead it out with a brush. Little reptiles I really get with my exposed hands. In addition, I’m glad they eat flies and reptiles. I don’t backing or use bug splash (I think it’s totally unfeeling). Along these lines, back to mosquitoes: Going through the Bid Cypress Swamp, Lynette and I were attempting to let mosquitoes nibble us so we would have the option to pop them. We weren’t blessed however. I without a doubt, couldn’t manage the way that I would have been left with a red knock, also it would truly trouble me tingling like insane for a few days.

Case Study of Mactools Ltd-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Talk about the Case Study of Mactools Ltd. Answer: Issues: According to the realities of the case there are a few issues that have emerged. Such issues zone as follows: Regardless of whether MacTools Ltd is obligated for the mishap and the injury got by Aurora. Regardless of whether Aurora is qualified for get remuneration for the said harm. Regardless of whether MacTools Ltd is at risk for carelessness. Regardless of whether Jessie can carry guarantee against MacTools Ltd with respect to the harm she got. Legitimate Rules: According to the realities of the case the case is of Negligence. MacTools Ltd was careless in its demonstration and will be obligated under law of torts and Civil Liability Act of 2002. To demonstrate that the organization was obligated for the demonstration of carelessness then the Plaintiff must satisfy the accompanying fundamental components of carelessness (Martin, 2016). At the point when one gathering acts in an indiscreet way and makes damage or injury other, such individual is said to have acted carelessly. The tenet of carelessness is that rule of tort where an individual who has acted heedlessly which a reasonable individual would have not done in such conditions is legitimately obligated for the mischief, injury or harm made to the next individual. On account of carelessness the gatherings to the contest may settle the debate inside them or may go into prosecution through recording an individual physical issue suit. In this way, it very well may be said that a carelessness is a demonstration where an individual has neglected to take due or sensible consideration which some other customary man would have taken in the such situation and causes mischief or injury and is at risk to pay harms (Higginson, 2015). Subsequently, to decide if the individual has acted carelessly and the harm got by the other individual for the carelessly demonstration, th e basic components of carelessness must be satisfied. The components of carelessness are as per the following: Obligation of care: The offended party who has charged the litigant for the demonstration of carelessness must demonstrate that the respondent has the duty of sensible consideration and the sensible consideration must be towards the offended party. The litigant ought to have a commitment towards the offended party and acted with sensible consideration. The offended party additionally needs to satisfy that as the litigant has neglected to take due consideration towards the offended party which a sensible man would have taken in such circumstance. On account of Donoghue v Stevenson1, the court has built up the lawful standard regarding the instance of carelessness in deciding if the respondent owed obligation of care towards the litigant. In test for the assurance of the obligation of care, the court must confirm that the damage got by the offended party for the demonstration of the litigant is sensibly predictable; there offended party and the respondent must be seeing someone closene ss (Stickley, 2016). In Australia Grant v Australian Knitting Mills is the milestone judgment on the advancement of the carelessness law in Australia. In the given case, MacTools owes an obligation of care towards Mulan who has purchased the force drill, if the organization would have taken sensible consideration in making Mulan known to the realities that while working with the force drill Mulan should utilize a goggles (Cane Atiyah, 2013). Penetrate of obligation: Next, the court will plan to see whether the respondent broke this commitment by doing (or not achieving something) that a reasonably wise individual would do under practically identical conditions. The articulation reasonably sensible individual insinuates a legitimate standard that addresses how the ordinary individual would reliably act in a particular condition. Genuine Causation: For a prosecutor to be held, it must be shown that the particular demonstrations or prohibitions were the purpose behind the adversity or damage continued. In spite of the fact that the thought sounds direct, the causation between one's penetrate of commitment and the fiendishness that results to another can once in a while be incredibly entangled. The essential test is to ask whether the harm would have occurred 'however for', or without, the litigants penetrate for the commitment owed to the hurt party. In Australia, the High Court has held that the 'yet for' test isn't the select preliminary of causation since it can't address a condition where there is more than one explanation behind harm. When 'however for' test isn't satisfied and the case is a great one, a reasonable test ('Whether and Why' test) will be applied. Much more precisely, if a cracking gathering considerably constructs the threat of devilishness to another, by then the bursting social event can be sued to the estimation of harm that has been caused. Harms: The last segment of a carelessness case is harms. This segment necessitates that the court have the ability to compensate the irritated party for their harm - as a rule through money related compensation for costs, for instance, remedial consideration or property fix. Carelessness is additionally guided by the arrangements of Civil Liability Act 2002 of Australia. Te components which demonstrates the instance of carelessness is same that of the custom-based law (Mitchell, 2014). Application: In the given case Mac Tools has the obligation of sensible consideration towards Mulan and the nearby neighbor of him. In this manner, it was the obligation of MacTools to mindful Mulan before utilizing it. MacTools has additionally didn't unveil the way that if the force drill is utilized beyond what 5 min it can blast. In this manner, this demonstration of the MacTools Ltd was a demonstration of carelessness. MacTools has directed a break of his obligation towards Mulan. This is likewise demonstrate that the component of genuine causation where the injury got to Aurora was the immediate consequence of the careless follow up on the piece of the MacTools Ltd. Notwithstanding, MacTools isn't at risk for the harm got by Jessie as the harm was not the immediate aftereffect of the demonstration of MacTools power drill. End: Subsequently, MacTools will be at risk to pay harm as the result of the demonstration of carelessness. According to the investigation made above MacTools Ltd has acted carelessly and subsequently will be subject under the law of torts just as the Civil Liability Act 2002 of the enactment of Australia. Book reference: Martin, K. (2016). Topical issues relating to the tort of carelessness the attribution of blame.Brief,43(7), 38. Higginson, S. (2015). Worldwide center: Climate change suit: Landmark dutch decision brings up issues for Australia.LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (15), 22. Stickley, A. P. (2016).Australian Torts Law. LexisNexis Butterworths. Stick, P., Atiyah, P. S. (2013).Atiyah's mishaps, remuneration and the law. Cambridge University Press. Simons, K. W. (2015). Casualty Fault and Victim Strict Responsibility in Anglo-American Tort Law.Journal of Tort Law,8(1-2), 29-66. Owen, D. (2014).Products Liability Law, 3d (Hornbook Series). West Academic. Lamont, S., Stewart, C., Chiarella, M. (2016). Dynamic limit and its relationship to a legitimately substantial assent: moral, lawful and proficient context.J Law Med,24, 371-386. Mitchell, P. (2014).A History of Tort Law 19001950(Vol. 8). Cambridge University Press.

E-Commerce London Digital Training, Business Model - 275 Words

E-Commerce: London Digital Training, Business Model (Term Paper Sample) Content: Implementing E-commerceNameInstitution of AffiliationIntroductionE-commerce is drastically revolutionizing the way we communicate, work and do transactions. There is no doubt that as e-commerce grows and reshapes social and economic dynamics in the modern day that it will create and continue creating key opportunities that London Digital Training can reap from. If incorporated in the organizational landscape Of London Digital Training.1.1 relevance of creating an e-commerce model.Since the institution is currently trying to increase its geographical presence in various markets in London, E-learning is the best method that organization can use to expand and serve the educational needs of its diversified customers who are eager for portable, on-demand and customized educational platforms. With capabilities of e-learning, London Digital Training can create an effective and innovative pedagogical platform for courses that need collaboration tools such as blogs, course man agement capabilities, wikis, virtual learning communities and diversified applications that are vital in the modern digitalized learning environment. Regarding the immense value of online shopping and the rapid spread of the use digitalized devices such as smartphones, PCs, and tablets that are significantly shaping the landscape of distanced learning in the modern day. London Digital training can create a system whereby our customers can seamlessly browse courses of their choices from the comfort of their homes or workplaces. Customers can also check the institutions regular blogs, social networking sites and other academic sites for updates, opinions and relevant information regarding the university concerning issues that are not limited educational matters. The institutions marketing staff can also connect effectively with the online customers in real-time on smartphones and tablets and have the ability to view their browsing history regarding customers comments, likes, dislikes as well as favorites. It will translate to better and personalized care to the customers. The institution, on the other hand, can largely reap from incorporating tracking capabilities in its logistics innovation. Beacon technology can offer the institution with a revolutionary edge in tracking by providing effective two-way communication evident in feature such as personalized couponing as well as the ability for clients to use mobile payment. Electronic trackers commonly known as cookies can also be put in place to ensure tracking of the browsing habits of prospective customers thus creating customers profiles that allow target-based advertisement of educational products CITATION Moo161 \l 1033 (Moore, 2016).1.2 Delivery of products.The institution can design a platform that incorporates both physical and online fulfillment model to enable clients to get educational products delivered in time. In the physical fulfillment model, our customers will be allowed to order items online and have them delivered via a courier to a place of their choice. In this case, items that can be ordered online such as course recordings, books, and alumni t-shirts and delivered via courier services. The items in the institutions stock should be linked and kept up to date with the online ordering system to ensure that not listing of items that have run out of stock and end up inconveniencing our esteem customers who expect nothing less than on-demand delivery on the items that they have ordered online. Since the physical fulfillment model will require courier services delivery expenses to be incurred by our customers will be clearly taken into account. On the other hand, in the online fulfillment model, this model will ensure that clients purchase items and access them online. Given the institutions geographical expansion this model will be effective in serving the educational needs of distanced learners. Such customers will be able to access online items such as e-books, live and recorded lectures, digital art, electronic journals and other valuable learning materials that are relevant to suit their educational needs. Valid applications should be in place to ensure that customers have access to items that they have paid for conveniently regardless of time or geographical place. The online educational experience of clients should be as robust as shopping at Amazon. With a click of their preferred item and support payment systems, clients will have on-demand access to their purchased items. The online system ought to ensure that customers can talk to our advisors. Customers need to have a 24/7 support system that will ensure issues regarding the purchased items are resolved immediately (Antoinette, 2015).1.3 Security and privacy.Incorporating e-commerce in any business despites its vast advantages also comes with some challenges. One of the main challenges is security. The digital platform will be faced with various threats that will intend to harm the com pany or clients. Threats can be of any form and can cause massive damage to customers financial and personal data or the organizations databases. One of the common attacks is the Distributed Denial of Service Attacks (DDOS) that mainly aim at sabotaging the host servers with an intent of crashing servers or using servers as a channel to attack other hosting servers. Viruses are also major threats to e-commerce. Trojan horse, remote control programs, are a significant threat to online business models. These malicious aspects allow fraud attacks to occur that are very hard to control and resolve. Mitigating these kinds of attacks is not an easy task given the IP numbers in organizations servers. To protect the institution against this kind of attacks the institution can operate its server host via its Virtual Private Server (VPS). By doing so, its hosting server will be able to scrutinize its traffic for any malicious items in the system and redirect the traffic thus preventing the attacks if any. By setting up cookies to track customers behavior in most cases, the privacy of clients may be violated. To ensure privacy, the organization can ensure that follows legislations that apply to customer privacy in e-commerce. The organization can also come up with a statement on it private policies for customers to review before engaging with the organization CITATION Pon14 \l 1033 (Pondent, 2014).1.4 PaymentsSetting up an e-commerce business will require the organization to link with electronic payment methods to ensure that the clients make payment conveniently for services that they want to acquire online. The recent technological developments in electronic payment such as e-wallets, mobile payments, PayPal, Secure Trading and Contactless cards. Due to the sensitive nature of electronic commerce payment methods, customers require safe payment channels that will ensure that their confidential data regarding their data is not compromised. By linking reliable payment systems to the e-commerce business model, we will not only guarantee the safety of our customers financial information, but we will also platform for fast transactions, in real time and at a minimal cost to our esteem customers CITATION Gue13 \l 1033 (Guendouz, et al., 2013). Electronic payments will revolutionize our traditional system of managing and making payments. In this case, the institution will effectively reduce paperwork associated with traditional payment methods, minimize transactions costs as well as labor cost. Such reactions costs will be translated to a cheaper provision of services to our customers. However, the adoption of electronic payment will not be without its challenge. Electronic payment is faced with security and privacy threat from hackers. Hackers in most cases tend to steal sensitive financial information causing massive damage both the prospective customers and organization (Gartenberg, 2014). To that end, we need to incorporate payment systems that will seamless and secure transactions but will protect our clients from fraud by ensuring efficient and safe record keeping, privacy and offering competitive pricing of items as well as the equal right to select payment institutions and payment methods of their choice (Feinstein, 2014). The organization will ensure it has a Secure Socket Layer (SSL) since it will be dealing with sensitive financial information such as credit card since it will matter of time before hackers start targeting this delicate information on the organization's portal.1.5 Online shopping experiences.In regard to the immense value of digitalized learning experience that is propelled by the need of real-time access to education, globalization of education and the vast growth of digital devices, London Digital training institute can create a personalized and digitalized shopping experience through by creating virtual learning environments where customers will be able to access educational services anywhere rega rdless of their geographical location. The organizations online portfolio of items will include online courses, digital books, journals, online tutors, recorded courses. Customers will be able to select items such as e-books and DvDs, submit their application, make payment and ideally be admitted to courses of their choice. They will also be able to have limited access to blogs, relevant social media and our feedback platforms whereby they will have access to opinions and reviews on from experts and people who have acquired such services. Access to 24/7 support via mail and Skype will ensure that issues in their encountered in shopping endeavors are solved immediately (Hexner, 2013). Fully update institution website and accessibility to relevant information and responsive feedback will ensure that our clients h...

Title Ix, Simpson Vs. University Of Colorado - 894 Words

3. CASE STUDIES In the first case that violates the guidelines of Title IX, Simpson vs. University of Colorado (2006), the leading issue was a case of sexual harassment and sexual assault on two University of Colorado students, Lisa Simpson and Anne Gilmore, by a few members of the CU football team. Sexual harassment is when someone makes unwanted sexual advances towards another person while sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Lisa and Anne, filed claims that they were abused by 16-20 recruits and current football players, but did not accept the rape determination kit from the local hospital until two days after the events took place. The girls notified the CU Office of Judicial Affairs one day after the incident and the players were charged with codes of conduct violations, but declined pursuing sexual assault charges. Simpson filed a complaint in federal court in December 2002. In March 2005, a feder al district court granted the University of Colorado’s motion for summary judgment with prejudice, dismissing the plaintiffs’ case in its entirety and ordering the plaintiffs to pay the university’s costs. The plaintiffs filed a Motion to Alter or Amend Judgment or for Relief from Judgment. On September 6, 2007, the Tenth Circuit ruled in favor of Simpson, concluding there was sufficient evidence for a jury to return a verdict in her favor and overturning the summary judgment in favor of theShow MoreRelatedImpooving Employee Performance72019 Words   |  289 Pagesreferences and index. ISBN 0-8144-0876-1 1. Employees—Rating of. I. Kirkpatrick, Donald L. How to improve performance through appraisal and coaching. II. Title. HF5549.5.R3K54 2006 658.3 125—dc22 2005025643 2006 Donald L. Kirkpatrick. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. The ï ¬ rst edition of this book was published in 1982 under the title How to Improve Perf ormance Through Appraisal and Coaching. This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted inRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesYour WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing ManagerRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesIntroduction to Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition RoxyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Chapter 17 Agile PM 6.1.2.2 Rolling wave This page intentionally left blank Project Management The Managerial Process The McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series Operations and Decision Sciences OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT BeckmanRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCataloging-in-Publication Data: Kerzner, Harold. Project management : case studies I Harold Kerzner. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-75167-7 (pbk.) 1. Project management-Case studies. I. Title. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems Healthcare, Inc. Clark Faucet Company 2 5 7 11 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Kombs

Cyber Crime And Criminal Justice - 1420 Words

Cyber Crime in Criminal Justice James Franklin Florida International Abstract The Internet is the connection of computer networks that link billions of devices worldwide. Every day the Internet is getting bigger and bigger bringing the world even closer. Unfortunately, with the growth of the Internet, this has created more problems for the Cyber World. While the justice system is attempting to handle this issue, it is becoming too consistent and numerous individuals have gotten to be casualties of hacking, embezzlement, wholesale fraud and malevolent programming. Cyber Crime in Criminal Justice Since the 1970’s computer crime has been an occurring dilemma in criminal justice and criminology. Computer crime could either be the stealing of computers or the use of computers to commit crime. When a crime is committed over the Internet, it is referred to as cyber crime. Since the emergence of the Internet, cyber crime has emerged as a serious threat to the U, S, resulting in significant financial deficits. Cyber crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be a target. The Internet has turned into the hotspot for various sorts of wrongdoing and distinctive approaches to perform these violations. The most common cyber crimes are hacking, illegal or prohibited online content, cyber stalking, identity theft, attacks on computers, childShow MoreRelatedThe Achievement And Success Of Cyber Crimes1124 Words   |  5 PagesSuccess in Cybercrime Cyber crimes refer to crimes committed against computers, computer networks of the information stored in computers (Bronk, 2008). In the past, the main problem that law enforcement officers have faced with regard to cyber crimes has had to do with the jurisdiction. 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Roundtable on Land and Water Management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRoundtable on Land and Water Management. Answer: Egypt is one of the most populated Middle Eastern countries in northern Africa. Its economy is one of the best in the northern African region. Egypt has the most developed economy. Egypt's economy is driven by the service sector which dominates at 47%, the agricultural sector is second at 29% and the industrial sector at 24%. Investing in real estates is one of the most promising business that international investors ought to invest in, in Egypt. Since the prices of real estate keep on rising every year, this is the best area to invest in. Political Factors Egyptian politics has been dominated by the military for many years until the 2011 uprising. This politics has always had a lot of animosity. There is animosity toward the Muslim Brotherhood. The Muslim brotherhood is so far the most organized political party in Egypt. Military influence has been very paramount in Egyptian politics given that a majority of the people see the military as a sign of stability. Mayfield (2014), observes that a Zogby poll which was published in the year 2013 revealed that nearly 94% confidence level. A majority of non-Islamists tend to favor a return to military rule while Islamists (nearly all of them) opposes this idea and this has brought a deep divide politically and religiously. This is what makes Egypt's political environment is hostile and risky for investment given the political turmoil that has been experienced in Egypt during the Arab spring beginning with the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak in 2011. Egypts politics has seriously affected the Egyptia n market. The Egyptian market is currently grossed with serious serious political risks for foreign investors. While these risks can be successfully diversified, especially by integrating available stock into an investment portfolio, it is still important to give political risk serious attention. Inflation rate have soured high, unemployment rate is also high and businesses are also seriously affected. According to Mayfield (2014), the political risk associated with Egypts politics especially the transition brought about a negatively affected the country and brought about disinvestment. Legal Factors The official language in Egypt is Arabic. All documents especially business documents are written in Arabic if they are to have the necessary value expected of them. Expatriates who are not well conversant with the Arabic language can find it difficult to operate in Egypt. It is possible that an agreement can be drafted in another language, however, such an agreement or proposal must be accompanied by an approved official translation in Arabic. Arabic is Egypt's official language and all documents have to be written in this language if they are to have legal value (Shalaby and Dardik 2017) A contract can be written in another language, however it has to be accompanied by an official translation in approved Arabic. This can pose a serious challenge to foreign nationals who would like to operate in Egypt. While making drafts and agreements, the point of references is the 1971 constitution. The prevailing legal system in Egypt is highly influenced by the French law from which it borrows a lot. Sharia laws can also apply in some circumstances to question civil positions. Egypt encourages foreign investors to invest in Egypt. This can be seen from the fact that Egypts Incentive Law clearly recognizes investors. The rights of investors in accommodated by Egyptian policies and law. Investors can solve disputes more amicably through bilateral arrangements. The Egyptian law also allows for the application of UN Commission of Trade Law according to Kleinman and Lin (2017) What Egypt is Doing to Improve Foreign Investment? New Egyptian legislation encourages foreign investments. These new laws have put in place incentives to help attract more foreign investment. (Kleinman and Lin 2017) With these new laws Egypt hopes to come up with an attractive business environment. By this legislation Egypt has set up a conducive business environment to ensure that foreign investors get fair treatment when signing business contracts just as the locals. Foreigners also have equal opportunities just as local investors. According to Kleinman and Lin (2017), provisions in articles 30 of the Egyptian constitution states that foreign investor are exempted from paying fees for documenting the companies as well as stamp taxes. Conclusion Egypt is a booming market for foreign investment following its approximately 4 years of economic stagnation. Culture wise and economically, Egypt stand out as the country that encourages huge foreign investment. This is because it has a bigger population and a stronger economy. Despite the political upheavals, Egypt is secure compared to other nations in the middles east. The only factors that may affect the successful set up of operations may result from language barrier from expatriates not familiar with Arabic and a few cultural influences given that Egypt is an Islam state. Works Cited Gomaa, S.S., 20015. Environmental policy making in Egypt. In Roundtable on Land and Water Management: proceedings, Cairo, 13-15 Dec. 1993. IDRC, Regional Office for North Africa and the Middle East, Cairo, EG. Caiazza, R., 2014. Identifying international market opportunities: the case of Italian companies in Egypt. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 21(4), pp.665-674. Kleinman, G. and Lin, B.B., 2017. Audit regulation in an international setting: Testing the impact of religion, culture, market factors, and legal code on national regulatory efforts. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 14(1), pp.62-94. Shalaby, S.Y. and Dardik, A., 2017. Comparison of Investment opportunities in Egypt with the United States. In Economic Survey (pp. 127-129). Springer International Publishing. Kleinman, G. and Lin, B.B., 2017. Audit regulation in an international setting: Testing the impact of religion, culture, market factors, and legal code on national regulatory efforts. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 14(1), pp.62-94. Mayfield, J.B., 2014. Rural politics in Nasser's Egypt: a quest for legitimacy. University of Texas Press.

What Does It Mean to Educate the Whole Child an Example by

What Does It Mean to Educate the Whole Child? A society that exercise democracy should have schools that provides more to studentsschools that teaches not only the basic skills or plainly academics but also teaching things that a child should learn in order to become a good citizen of that society. In the case of public schools in the United States today, they are under pressure. They have to show that every student is provided with thorough and efficient education through their test scores. As stated by No Child Left Behind (NCLB), they also consider it as one of their goals. Aside from that, they also want to educate many of the inner city and minority children. However, there are a lot of criticisms about NCLB as an institution. Need essay sample on "What Does It Mean to Educate the Whole Child?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Critics say that it has an unattainable goal; undesirable methods of motivating its students; overdependence on standardized examinations; demoralizing effects; and influences of corruption on the administration, teachers, and students. Moreover, NCLB is having problems on addressing Educational Leadership. They still have to consider the aims of education, know how to serve the society, and most importantly know how to educate the whole child. College Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support: I'm don't want to write my paper online. I want to spend time with my friends Essay writers propose: Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ The aims of education are not standard or universal. It changes in every society through time. However, it should be clear that education should provide not only proficiency in mathematics and reading but also provides the knowledge in other aspects that a whole child should learn. Though, this idea is being argued by some people. They believe that there should be other institutions held responsible for these non-academic aspects. These people, according to Noddings, are not considering the history of education. If we will trace it, we would be able to know that public schools were established for academic instruction as well as for moral and social reasons. Another thing is that education thinkers came about with multiple aims of education. The author of this article suggested happiness to be another aim in educating the whole child. Prior to this, great thinkers have associated this proposed aim to effective social relationships basically or starting with the family. One purpose of this aim is to make classrooms as happy places for the children. Reviewing the aims of education guides the people concerned on instructional decisions. It also makes them open minded and reminds them the importance of having a curriculum, objectives in learning, appropriate methods of teaching, etc. More importantly, it also emphasizes that students are also whole persons. Thus, the total development of the children must be a great concern for schools. They need holistic treatment as demanded by massive human problems of the society. In a democratic society, schools are established not only to serve individuals but also the larger society. Thus, graduate students should not only possess academic intelligence but also a sound character. This could be made possible by having additional activities like art exhibits, sports fest, plays, or simply relating the basic academic lessons to real life situations. This is learning conceptually and practically at the same time. This article tackles significant points on what schools should consider in order to educate their students properly. This would help the principal of the curriculum leadership to think of new possible ways on educating the whole child considering other knowledge that would develop the children as a whole person. They would be able to see the importance of learning or the large role of schools in the lives of its students. We all know that once a child becomes a student, he or she will be spending more time in school than his or her home. After learning from their parents, the next group of people to be responsible for the childs development is the school institution. They are the ones who will continue to build the character of the child. It is good that this article was able to mention some of the things that a child should also learn in school and thus, should be a part of their curriculum. However, if all the points in the article will be analyzed, there are some statements or information from the past that should not be compared with the present situation of public schools. It contradicts with the early statements of the article saying that aims of education are not universal. It changes through time as ideals of a particular society also changes so we cannot compare the past situations to the present. However, if the article will be examined generally, it could serve as a wake-up call to academic institutions in properly educating their students because these children will be the next citizens or even leaders of the next generation. The things that the children have learned in school will be the things that they will use in his or her future. BIBLIOGRAPHY Nel Noddings, What does it mean to Educate the Whole Child?, Educational Leadership, Volume 63, Issue No.1. (2005): 1-5.

Some people have the view that British generals like Haig were incompetent leaders Essay Example

Some people have the view that British generals like Haig were incompetent leaders Essay Example Some people have the view that British generals like Haig were incompetent leaders Essay Some people have the view that British generals like Haig were incompetent leaders Essay Essay Topic: History The First World War was a horrific war that started on the 28 July 1914 and lasted until the 11 November 1918. The two sides who fought in the War were The Triple Entente and The Triple Alliance. France and Belgium was the meeting point of these sides. And so most of the fighting that Britain was involved in took place in these two countries – across the Western Front. In order to protect them and have some private planning time, both sides dug trenches; however the trenches were overcrowded, wet and muddy, they also became the final resting place for millions of young men. These once simple shelters had transformed into complex defensive systems by 1915. Trench-foot was a common disease due to the muddy conditions; feet turned gangrenous and in many cases led to amputation. The soldiers were never alone in the trenches; many creatures also made the trenches their home. These creatures were to play a big role in the health of the fighting soldiers as they were all carriers of disease and infections and they ate the dead human bodies. Creatures include rats, mice and lice. Infantry charged replaced the cavalry charge; the main tactic used was going ‘over the top’ however defenders swept the advancing attackers with machine gun fire, and even when the attackers captured forward positions it was impossible for them to keep them. Also, artillery became more powerful compared to the old inaccurate guns that were once used. Weapons included the Bayonet, Lee Enfield rifle, hand grenades and the eight bullets a second machine gun. Tanks were another weapon used to crush barbed wire and spray the enemy with machine gunfire. However the tanks were still not developed enough; they moved very slowly and they were not most broke before reaching the German’s trenches. The Battle of the Somme was the biggest disaster in the whole of the First World War. The initial plan was an attack on the enemy by the French with British support, however the tables turned and Germany attacked Verdun. An offensive was launched around the River Somme to divert attention away from Verdun where the French were close to surrender. Sir Douglas Haig was appointed leader of this offensive. Haig was born in Edinburgh on 19 June 1861 into a wealthy family who owned a whisky business. He studied at Oxford University and the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. He then served as a cavalry officer for nine years, mainly in India. He also took part in the Sudan campaign (1897 1898) and the Boer War (1899 1902). The objective of the offensive was to gain territory, to ease the violence of the French and to kill as many German people as possible. The initial plan was a twelve hour bombardment which meant that thousands of Germans would be killed; barbed wire and machine gun positions would also be destroyed. On the first day of July 1916 at 7:28 am the offensive started with the explosion of 5 mines placed under German territory. At 7:30 am, thousands of soldiers were ordered b Haig and other leaders to walk up to the German frontline. The place that the infantry walked enable the German time to set up their machine guns and within hours around 60,000 soldiers were hit – a third of them killed. However Haig and the leaders did not change their tactics until the end of the war. An historical interpretation is when an event id described from different points of view. Evidence (e. g. secondary research), personal interpretation of an event and opinion all play a big role of a historical interpretation. A historical interpretation can also change with the time because new evidence always comes to light. The Battle of the Somme is one of the events that have been interpreted. Many historians argue that the Battle of the Somme was a disaster because leaders like Haig used the wrong tactics and out-of-date methods like the infantry charge which resulted in many casualties. These leaders believed that if they did it often enough and with enough men then they would wear the Germans down and eventually break through, which did happen but it cost too many lives. However other historians will interpret the event differently and say that so many lives were lost due to the weaponry used(the shells that were intended at the German lines were made by inexperienced munitions workers and only a third of them went off. ), the German tactics and inexperienced soldiers and leaders like Haig were not to blame. Interpretations about leaders like Haig have unsurprisingly changed overtime. Criticisms of leaders like Haig began to appear during the war. In July 1916, Haig was criticised by many including Winston Churchill and resentment was apparent between Prime Minister Lloyd George and Haig. At the same time everyone wanted to portray an image of leaders like Haig as an inspiring, and good commander who was a good role model for his troops. By the 1920s people wanted to forget all that happened and move on. For ten years, all the evidence seemed to support leaders like Haig, after the British did win the war. However historians began to claim that there was a government cover-up in favour of generals like Haig and by the end of the 1920s attitudes began to drastically change. Books were beginning to criticise leaders like Haig and blaming them for the horror and pointlessness of the war. By 1930s people began to realise that the First World War was not the ‘war end all wars’ as promised. The first interpretation â€Å"leaders like Haig are incompetent† is shown in source B1. This is a source written by John Laffin, a military historian that researched the war from soldiers’ viewpoint. This source clearly expresses that generals like Haig are to be blamed for large amount of soldiers that died and that these leaders should never be forgiven for the disaster. Laffin earned his living by taking people on tours around the battlefield this makes him trustworthy because he would have to teach people the right information in order to make the tour successful. The source was written in 2003 which makes the source reliable because there was a lot of evidence that Laffin could have used to produce the source. However the fact that information given to the people on tour was based on soldiers’ viewpoints makes the source unreliable because the majority of soldiers would probably have a negative viewpoint of the war because of the amount of soldiers that died. Also, in the period between the end of the war and 2003, interpretations of what happened in the Battle of the Somme significantly changed and Laffin seems to ignore them all and use the negative viewpoints of the soldiers. The source is also limited because the source, an extract from a book, could have been intended for a certain audience and will inevitably have Laffin’s opinion which is based on the negative feedback he researched. Also, the title of the book that Laffin wrote â€Å"British Bunglers and Bunglers of World War One† automatically alludes us to the opinion of Laffin, that leaders like Haig were the reason why so many men were killed. Laffin suggests that leader’s like Haig were responsible for the slaughter of many soldiers. In summary the source is useful because it helps us understand, whether true or not, why people think that these leaders were incompetent because â€Å"they knew what they were doing†, for example the leaders used out-of date methods, General Douglas Haig had insisted in using cavalry like he did on the dry African Plains. One way in which people interpret leaders like Haig are incompetent is because of his tactics; this is seen in Source B2 which describes leaders like Haig as murderers, and this source could’ve been used by Laffin to generate his interpretation in the previous source. The source is a diary written by a Private who fought in the Battle of the Somme. Diaries are not intended for public use, therefore the writer will write his true opinions in the diary entry, however the opinion will obviously biased, and his opinion is clear in the source that leaders like Haig should be â€Å"hung, drawn and quartered†. The fact that he was a solider fighting in the Somme makes the source reliable because he witnessed what had happened on July 1916; he had to witness the people he had fought alongside being killed because of the instructions that were given by leaders like Haig therefore he would have an instant negative opinion of leaders like Haig. The date that the source was written, 1916, makes the source reliable because it was at the exact time that the battle of the Somme happened therefore it would be accurate portrayal of what was happening at the beginning of the Battle of the Somme. In conclusion the source is useful and reliable because it is from a soldier who actually fought in the devastating battle therefore the opinion would be a valid one; he actually witnessed all the killing and was probably instructed to follow the same fate as the rest of the men. Laffin would have used Smith’s opinion to his advantage in order to come up with his own interpretation because it supports his opinion. Next, it’s not just historians that criticise Haig’s competence as shown in source B4 where British Prime Minister David Lloyd George says that General Douglas Haig was a â€Å"second-rate commander†. The source is reliable because the Prime Minister wrote the source during World War One – he would have been given information about the vast numbers of those who died especially on the first day of the battle of the Somme; thus, the negative attitude towards leaders like Haig is not surprising. According to some research I have undertaken, Lloyd George was a successful political journalist and the information in the book was well-researched; one of his sources being the Cabinet Minutes in which he looked over the military details. However the fact that the Prime Minister David Lloyd George was talking about his war-time experiences is very ironic because he didn’t fight during the war and didn’t know about the other conditions that the soldiers had to live through e. g. trench foot. The source is also limited because it is evident that the source was intended to portray a certain message; the book seems to establish Lloyd George’s reputation as a war leader and at the same time destroy the reputation of Haig and leaders like Haig. In conclusion the source is reliable and useful because Lloyd George’s interpretation of events, whether true or not, seems to come from a good source i. e. the Cabinet Minutes. This source could have been used by Laffin as the source is the opinion of one of the most important men at the time of the war and this opinion supports the interpretation generate by Laffin. Next, leaders like Haig were known to stay in the communication trenches, which were miles away from the front line, whilst the soldiers lived in trenches near the front line. Also, it is obvious that these commanders did not fight in the battle but just gave the orders. This is shown in source B6, a cartoon about World War One leadership published in 1917 by a satirical magazine. The source clearly explains that leaders like Haig were absent during â€Å"the real thing†. The source is reliable because it was written during the war and by 1917 criticisms of leaders like Haig were beginning to surface. The source is also reliable because a lot of research would have been undertaken in order to confidentially publish this article especially because leaders like Haig were still seen as inspiring awe-commanders. However, the magazine will have to be sold and therefore have to entertain the audience; the purpose of the source makes the source unreliable because the source is inevitably exaggerated. The date in which the source is written also limits the source because February 1917 was only 6 months into the battle and therefore the whole picture is not given in this illustration. Overall the source is reliable and useful because it helps us understand that some people thought that the absence of the leaders could have been one of the most important factors which led to so many deaths; a lot of people blamed it on inexperienced soldiers yet the experienced generals were kept hidden. Laffin could have used this source to come up with his own interpretation because this viewpoint because it shows that leaders like Haig were not as inspiring and awe commanding as they were perceived to be but people who didn’t follow their own old tactics. In conclusion, source B1, B2, B4, and B6 are all useful and reliable in helping me understand why leaders like Haig were labelled as incompetent. Firstly, source B1 is a direct interpretation itself which blatantly expresses that leaders like Haig were incompetent. Secondly, source B2 tells me that leaders like Haig were viewed as incompetent because of the tactics he used. This backs up my knowledge; leaders like Haig used old tactics. On the 1st of July 1916 leaders like Haig enforced the tactic that led many to their deaths: infantry. This made sure that the men slowly walked across to the German trenches after heavy bombardment, which itself was a failure, this slow pace allowed the Germans to re-establish themselves and launch their defence. Source B4 also alludes to the opinion that leaders like Haig’s tactics were not good and were useless on such an â€Å"immense battlefield†. Source B6 suggests that the inexperienced soldiers had a part to play in the disaster but it was not their fault but of the fault of the experienced leaders like Haig who were not willing to join in the fighting. These sources increase my understanding as to why so many historians argue that leaders like Haig were incompetent. From the sources I have chosen, I am able to understand that historians believe that if leaders like Haig tried other tactics and participated more in the battle then it wouldn’t have ended in such a disaster. I think based on the amount of people who died just on the first day that this interpretation is a valid one. However, other historians have interpreted that leaders like Haig are competent and believe that leaders were not to blame for the Battle of the Somme. This interpretation is shown in source B9, it explains that leaders like Haig were not incompetent and the reason why so much people died was due to other factors. This source is reliable because of the date in which it was written; this allowed the author, John Terraine, to use enough evidence that had been researched throughout the years up until 1980. Terrain is a historian which means he is able to analyse and assess sources well, this makes the source reliable because Terrain would have analysed each source and I assume that Terraine used reliable and most useful ones to come up with his interpretation. The source is also unreliable because it is intended for people to buy the book and therefore a certain level of exaggeration and entertainment will be present. In the source Terraine says that leaders like Haig â€Å"rose to challenge after challenge† however leaders like Haig remained in the communication trenches whilst the privates fought the blood stained war, thus they didn’t rise to any challenge. Also between the war and 1980 many different interpretations have arisen yet Terraine seems to ignore all of these new interpretations, he has focused on the interpretation that these so called war heroes were not to blame and the fault was due to the other contributing factors which worsened life for the soldiers in the trenches like trench foot. Source B1 is an example of an interpretation which supports the interpretation that leaders like Haig are incompetent. The author of this source, John Laffin, researched the war from soldier’s viewpoints and has been able to come with a negative interpretation. However, source B11 is written by a former soldier who was gassed during the Battle of the Somme and brought to Britain because of it. Liddell Hart, writing to the Daily Express, says that the leadership was excellent and â€Å"flawless†. The source is reliable because Liddell Hart was actually present during the Battle therefore his opinion should be based on what he witnessed and leadership skills of leaders like Haig. The source is also useful because it helps us think of the other factors that caused the soldiers to die if it wasn’t because of the leadership. Both sides did not know how to use the new weaponry correctly, for example gas. Gas was a new form of defence, it was a very deadly weapon and it killed alot of people; mustard gas ensured that the lungs had dissolved in a matter of hours causing a slow and painful death. On the other hand, the source is limited because Liddell Hart was invalided back to Britain in December which means he did not witness the whole war therefore we are not getting the whole picture of how leadership was. We can infer the source and say that the purpose of the source can somewhat make the source unreliable. In more depth, the Daily Express would publish this letter and in order to keep the British morale high nothing negative would have to be published. The British public want to know that their loved ones are in the safe hands of good leaders and therefore this source helps achieve this for them. Overall, the source is useful and reliable because it helps us understand why others do not blame leaders like Haig for the vast amount of deaths. Terraine could use this source to create his own interpretation because it clearly states that leaders like Haig were great therefore alluding to the opinion that the leaders like Haig were not to blame for the disaster. Some historians believe that the inexperienced soldiers should be blamed for the vast majority of deaths. Source B13 are diary entries that belonged to Haig himself which he used as the bass for his reports to the War Cabinet. The diary entries are dated the 31st of June and 1st of July 1916 which makes the source the source reliable because it is a day before and the actual date of the first day of the Somme. Haig says that on the men are in â€Å"splendid spirits† which suggests that the soldiers were unprepared the soldiers were for the disaster that was going to happen and how much they underestimated the German army. Perhaps these soldiers are the inexperienced ones; a lot of soldiers at the time were inexperienced due to conscription and propaganda; people just wanted to fight for their country. Haig also says that the soldiers â€Å"have never before been so instructed and informed† which suggests that the leadership was so good that no-one was in doubt of the upcoming task. The source is also reliable because a diary contains someone’s inner thoughts and feelings that aren’t really revealed to anyone, assuming that these diary entries are Haig’s real thoughts and feelings (a leader wouldn’t want to send many to their slaughter without feeling bad even if it was for the right reasons). According to research, Haig was a brilliant self-publicist that was recognised throughout the nation, if we infer the source we can say that the diary entry was just another means of propaganda. The source is also limited because Haig says that the attack on the 1st of July 1916 was a â€Å"very successful attack† however he does not mention the reasons as to why it was such a success. Overall, the source is not very useful or reliable because the person behind the source is the actual person who different historians argue for and against. Haig would obviously want to perceive himself as a great leader therefore making this source unreliable. Historians who share the same interpretation as Terraine could use this source to form their interpretation that support leaders like Haig because this source shows that the leadership was good enough and the men seemed happy with the instructions they were given, therefore it is not the fault of the leaders. Terraine could have also used this source because it suggests that the German defences lost more men than the British because they were â€Å"short of men† whereas the British troops were â€Å"full of confidence†. Many historians argue that if leaders like Haig were to blame for the disasters, why were there so much people welcoming them home. This is shown in source B15, a photograph which shows the welcoming of Haig home in 1919. The fact that it is a photograph makes the source reliable because it is a still image of time that cannot be changed, and they did not have the technology at the time to edit the photo to such detail. The source is also useful because it shows that alot of people did not think that leaders like Haig were incompetent hence the large amount of people that were there to welcome home their so called ‘hero. However, the provenance of source is unknown therefore this makes the source unreliable – for all we know this photograph could have been taken by the government for propaganda purposes. The source is also limited because it does show any other interpretations after 1919; by the 1930s people began to question the competence of leaders like Haig but by the 1960s balanced arguments had formed. In summary the source is reliable and useful because it outlines the interpretations from straight after the war even if they did begin to change. Terrain could of used this source to aid him create his own interpretation because the source clearly illustrates that leaders like Haig were generally respected and were seen as war heroes, and as a result of them adaptingâ€Å" themselves to constant change with astonishing success† so many people turned up to welcome them home. In conclusion source B9, B11 and B15 are all useful and reliable in helping me understand why historians believe that leaders like Haig were good leaders. Source B9 suggests that leaders like Haig fought their part of the war just as much as all the other soldiers, however all other evidence argues against this idea. Although leaders like Hag might not have fought the war physically, I think that the job of trying to come up with a good enough plan in order to win the battle and then instructing the men to do it would have been hard itself, and to be fair to leaders like Haig, the British people did eventually win the war – just like Haig had promised. Source B11 suggests that the leaders like Haig were good leaders and that they could not be faulted. Source B15 is reliable because it is a photograph that clearly illustrates that leaders like Haig were not seen as the fault of the losses. Maybe this is due to the lack of evidence that was published at the time (against Haig) or people simply sympathised with Haig because with the decisions he was faced with. However the same cannot be said about source B13. In my opinion source B13 is unreliable because the provenance of source is untrustworthy. I can assume that Haig would obviously try to show himself as a good leader therefore anything he says could just be exaggerated and untrue. All of these sources help me understand that there were other factors that caused the vast number of deaths and the fault wasn’t only in the hands of leaders like Haig. It makes me think about the other factors that made war life difficult for the soldiers. For example, the rats and lice which carried disease around the trenches or the trench foot which disabled alot of soldiers from fighting. Other contributing factors could be the underage, inexperienced soldiers or the misuse of the new weaponry. I also think that this interpretation is valid based on the sources that I have evaluated because each source gives a reason as to why leaders like Haig were not incompetent.

U.S. Border Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

U.S. Border Security - Essay Example We pride ourselves on our profound and almost unique commitment to liberty, and the legal institutions and civic culture that have made America probably the freest society in history" (Herman Schwartz, Security and liberty in an age of terrorism). Immediately after September 11, President George W. Bush proclaimed a "war on terrorism" that would be global struggle and would continue far into the future. After hours of the attack, Attorney General John Ashcroft made the Department of Justice prepare legislative proposals. Prosecutors denied their old wish lists and created a large proposal, which, with other provisions, became the 342-page USA-Patriot Act. When it was forced through just six weeks later, not many members of Congress had read this bill, and many voted for it with doubts. So great was the pressure to take some protective action against terrorism, however, that only one senator and 66 House members voted against it. The most important point of the proposal was dedicated to United States Border Security; and after the eleventh of September some measures have been taken. The author of this research is going to descry the situation of United States border security, clarify the advantages and weaknesses of American security system. I would like to concentrate on United States Mexico and Canadian borders. The United States Mexico barrier The United States Mexico barrier is in fact several separation barriers planned to prevent illegal immigration into the United States from the territory of neighboring Mexico. Its key target is Mexican nationals and other Latin Americans, though in recent years other groups (for instance Asians of different nationalities) have also been using the porous Mexican border to make safe access to the USA. The barriers were designed as part of three larger "Operations" to prevent illegal immigration, Operation Gatekeeper in California, Operation Hold-the-Line in Texas, and Operation Safeguard in Arizona. The purpose of these barriers is to make immigrants cross the border with numerous difficulties, in order to reduce migration. Several scholars, who scrutinized this subject, state that these operations are just a public relations strategy used to persuade U.S. citizens that the border is "secure", while the economy benefits from the continuing flow of cheap labor across the border. The 3140 km (1,951 mile) border between the United States and Mexico crosses a variety of terrains, including urban areas and deserts. The barrier is situated in the urban sections of the border; actually the great number of migrations took place in this location. These urban areas include California, Texas, San Diego and El Paso. The success of the barrier led to a noticeable increase in the number of people trying to cross the Sonoran Desert and the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona. Such migrants

Customer Satisfaction and the Banking Industry Essay

Customer Satisfaction and the Banking Industry - Essay Example Other important reports include those by P Carrol and F Reichheld, titled The Fallacy of Customer Retention, as well as the paper by M S Krishnan et al, titled Customer Satisfaction for Financial Services: The Role of Products, Services and Information Technology. These papers have important notes on not just acquiring customers but also retaining them - which is where customer satisfaction comes into play. This paper is based on the case study of ICICI Bank in India. Therefore, the information found on its website was used as well. In this case it is important to note that most of the texts used are journal articles are this is a very topical theme and it requires special classification which most books are not able to offer. With a variety of other papers that revolve around the theme of customer satisfaction and banking services, it is imperative to mention that there is still a lot of scope for research in terms of finding niche markets and catering to customers from these areas with a focus on need specific programs. Customer Satisfaction - Conception and Implications Customer satisfaction may be defined as that sphere within an organisation's operational area where the transmission of information and services with a focus on time and quality takes place. Customer satisfaction is an important tool with which it is easy to harness the potential of expanding one's customer base manifold. In the banking sector, this theory has special importance owing to growing competition and the fact that it is a service based industry where there is maximum human interface. The tools for measuring customer satisfaction include surveys as well as applying statistical analysis like the customer satisfaction index to which essentially... Customer satisfaction may be defined as that sphere within an organisation’s operational area where the transmission of information and services with a focus on time and quality takes place. Customer satisfaction is an important tool with which it is easy to harness the potential of expanding one’s customer base manifold. In the banking sector, this theory has special importance owing to growing competition and the fact that it is a service based industry where there is maximum human interface. The tools for measuring customer satisfaction include surveys as well as applying statistical analysis like the customer satisfaction index to which essentially measures market share and profitability. This will help provide an empirical base for any hypothesis on the basis of which models and programs may be formulated. Factors influencing customer satisfaction in Retail Banking in UK, author Anita Chakrabarty has pointed out how the last two decades have been seeing an increase in competitiveness in the retail banking sector in UK. This has a strong connection with the various activities that have been triggered in the banking industry all over the world. ICIC is a bank that has taken this conception one step forward by applying it in the context of the loyalty business model. Thus, one will find that the banks are now in a race towards consolidation of their positions and mergers. In this regard, they have realized that the primary focus of their activities must be on the optimum satisfaction of the customers.

Summary of Dr. Faustus Essay Example for Free

Summary of Dr. Faustus Essay ?Christopher Marlowe was an older contemporary of William Shakespeare. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is his best known work. Christopher Marlowe based his play Doctor Faustus on stories about a scholar and magician, Johann Faust, who allegedly sold his soul to the devil to gain magical powers. Born in 1488, the original Faust wandered through his German homeland until his death in 1541. In 1587, the first story about his life appeared in Germany. What Marlowe creates out of the story is a Medieval morality- play with a late Renaissance temper. In Doctor Faustus, Marlowe has made good use of a conventional Christian doctrine. Faustus strives against human limitation to the point of selling his soul. He is not only a seeker for power but also a knower and a desirer to know. The play begins with Dr. Faustus shown in his study, where he is deciding upon which field to specialise in- Analytics or Logic. Dissatisfied with his human status, he would like to have magical powers of making men live eternally and bringing back the dead to life. He rejects divine learning also, because it is based on a recognition of man’s morality and fallibility. For most of the play, the chorus sets the motion of the drama. The first Act establishes the unscholarly attitude of Faustus and also the base for his tragedy- a poor bargain eventually made with the devil that will leave him devastated in the end. The subplot of Wagner, the scholars and the clown dramatises Faustus’ predicament in very crude terms and have certain comical elements in it. Act 2 outlines the tragedy with greater depth. Faustus’s rebellion against human nature is quite desperate, because it loses more than it gains. But Faustus is â€Å"resolved† and shall â€Å"never repent†. He finally signs the pact with the devil, giving away his soul in return for the services of limitless knowledge. Acts 3 and 4 are basically about the kind of life Faustus is now leading with the help of Mephistophilis and other minions of the devil. Faustus seeks and Mephistophilis plans, rather a series of comic indulgences mainly to distract the former’s mind from the tormenting religious awareness. The final Act brings a climatic end of Faustus. The 24 years of the agreement comes to an end and with that, the sad realisation that all knowledge, wealth and power of the world were futile in comparison to having an everlasting place in heaven. The keynote of the final monologue of Faustus, before the devil takes him, is a feeling of pity and terror which all great tragedies are expected to arouse. Marlowe had a twofold aim in the play. He would write a morality play and hence the substantial stasis can be highlighted along with the comedy and the undramaticality of the play associated with the morality tradition. J. P. Brockbank observes, that the play serves a purpose for the audience- â€Å"In fear we acquiesce in the littleness and powerlessness of man, and in pity we share his sufferings and endorse his protest. †

Spirits and Abraham Lincoln: Letters to President Lincoln Concerning S

In the late nineteenth century, American spiritualists maintained that Abraham Lincoln had been a spiritualist too. Whenever they drew up lists of prominent believers, Lincoln was foremost among the reformers, judges, governors, senators, and scientists whose stature lent credence to their movement. In this paper, I look at letters written to President Lincoln by spiritualists or about spiritualism, but it is not my aim to determine whether or not Lincoln was a spiritualist. Instead, I use these letters to reflect on spiritualism as a cultural phenomena. It captured the imaginations of many Americans in the years leading up to the Civil War, drawing them to sà ©ance rooms, to mediums, or to their family parlors to commune with the dead. The letters to Lincoln reveal how spiritualism evolved from older cultural traditions and what it came to mean for spiritualists. Letters to Abraham Lincoln are available on the World Wide Web, part of the Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. The Lincoln Papers include a large number of incoming letters from a variety of correspondents: friends, political figures, and regular people. Most of the letters have been transcribed and annotated by scholars at the Lincoln Study Center . Very few letters—only ten—deal with spiritualism at all. The authors, however, represent the full spectrum of letter writers, from Lincoln ’s closest friend, to a well-known New York judge, to ordinary people—that is, ordinary people who received messages from spirits. Five of these ten letters came from avowed spiritualists, four men and one woman.[1] One man denied being a spiritualist, and another sent a tongue-in-cheek introduction to two mediums, leaving his sentiment... ...ttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alhome.html, accessed [30 December 2014]. [16] The relationship is described in an annotation. Joshua F. Speed to Abraham Lincoln, February 13, 1849. Transcribed and annotated by the Lincoln Studies Center , Knox College , Galesburg , Illinois . Available at Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division ( Washington , D.C. : American Memory Project, [2000-01]), http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alhome.html, accessed [30 December 2014]. [17] Joshua F. Speed to Abraham Lincoln, October 26, 1863. Transcribed and annotated by the Lincoln Studies Center , Knox College , Galesburg , Illinois . Available at Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division ( Washington , D.C. : American Memory Project, [2000-01]), http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alhome.html, accessed [30 December 2014].

Natural Born Killers & Capitalism

Natural Born Killers Natural Born Killers (Warner Bros. Pictures, 1994) is a film directed by Oliver Stone. The story is about Mickey and Mallory Knox, two serial killers that travel across America on a killing spree which elevates them from criminals into international media celebrities. The story sounds like a modern day Bonnie and Clyde (Warner Bros. Pictures, 1967), however Mickey and Mallory's crimes are much more severe and without cause. Stone intended the film to be a critique on a culture obsessed with violence and the media’s glorification of violence.In Chaos Rising: The Storm Around Natural Born Killers’ (Warner Bros. Pictures, 1994) Stone explains â€Å"What I was doing was pointing the finger at the system that feeds off violence, and at the media that package it for mass consumption. † Unfortunately, many people perceived the message of Natural Born Killers as a glorification of violence. The film even inspired several copycat killings. The film Na tural Born Killers was intended to critique a culture obsessed with violence, yet inspired murders.The reason this film was decoded so differently by some viewers was due to social stereotypes imposed by capitalist ideology. How an audience perceives a message from a text is through the process of decoding. Those who produce a text encode it with messages and meanings through the use of semiotics. When the audience receives a text, they then decode and identify these meanings through the signs and signifiers. Morley (1992, p. 53) explains that meaning in a text is generated through two main factors. The first factor is the way a text is encoded through semiotics.This can invite certain readings and block others. The second is the social background of the receiver, which can be studied sociologically. The interaction of these two constraining structures will define the notion that a text can be interpreted in an infinite number of individual ways. Stuart Hall’s work on the rol e of social positions in the interpretation of mass media texts also helps explain this. His work was based around the three different ways a viewer can decode a text. The first is the dominant reading.This is when the reader shares the text’s code and accepts the intended reading. The second is the negotiated reading, which is when the reader partly accepts the intended reading but not completely. The reader then modifies it in a way that reflects their own position, experience sand interests. The third is the oppositional reading, which is when the reader’s social situation causes them to oppose the dominant code. They understand the intended reading but don’t agree with the code and reject the intended meaning, causing them to develop their own interpretation of the text.On March 6th 1995, teen couple Ben Darras and Sarah Edmondson shot a local businessman in Oklahoma. They then drove to Louisiana where they also shot a store store clerk. After their arrest, the couple said that they had been taking acid and watching Natural Born Killers several times. Upon Darras’s arrest he also shouted the words â€Å"I’m a natural born killer man†. Since the release of Natural Born Killers it has been linked to 8 murders. Each of the murderers shared the same lower class social position, and passion for the film.What can Hall and Morley’s work tell us about how this film was decoded so differently from its intended meaning by these adolescents? Hall (1977, p. 182) explains that texts are polysemic, meaning they may be read differently by different people depending on their identity, cultural background and personal opinions. Traditionally in film, those who commit acts of violence are villains who get punished for their crimes, while the police are seen as heroes. In this film the police are violent; one being a murderer himself.Throughout the film, Mickey and Mallory slaughter without reason yet by the end of the film th ey gain sympathy and likeability from the audience. An oppressed lower class audience may see Mickey and Mallory as lower class heroes as they overcome the oppressing system. Some may sympathize and relate with Mallory's abusive upbringing. An example of this is shown in the film when Mickey and Mallory leave Mallory's house after murdering her parents, the wallpaper displayed is an open bird cage, signifying that she is now free.In this scene the fact that they have just murdered two people is completely overshadowed by Mallory’s escape from an abusive environment. The viewer’s own personal situation, experiences and beliefs heavily influence how they decode the message of this film. Each of the individuals who committed copycat crimes after watching Natural Born Killers came from lower class social backgrounds. This implies that the social conditions that the lower classes endure under capitalism have a direct relation to why these individuals received the opposition al reading of the text.Natural Born Killers dwells on the fact that the two protagonists come from a lower class family, are uneducated, and how capitalist society associates people in this situation with crime. In the film Mickey calls himself a ‘natural born killer’ as he was born into the lower class, therefore society assumes he is a natural born criminal. He explains, â€Å"I was thrown into a flaming pit of scum, forgotten by God. † In this instance, Mickey refers to society and the members of it collectively as ‘God’. The use of semiotics to express this point is quite strong.Signs such as the way Mickey and Mallory speak, the way they dress, how they are groomed and the families that they come from signify that both are a part of the lower class. Other important characters in the film, such as officer Scagnetti, warden McClusky and reporter Wayne Gale wear suits, speak well and are also well groomed. Several shots in the film such as Wayne Ga le trimming his nose hairs and McClusky combing his moustache are used to emphasize their appearance and social status. These characters are portrayed like this to signify that they are higher within the capitalist social hierarchy.All three seek control over Mickey and Mallory for personal gain, implying that the higher classes seek to control the lower class. As the film addresses the difference in occupation of classes in a capitalist society, it also addresses the aspiration levels of the lower class. As revealed previously, Mickey explains that society turned its back on him. He also states â€Å"I came from violence, it was in my blood. My dad had it, his dad had it. It’s just my fate. † Here Mickey is saying that he came from a lower class, as did his father and grandfather.He is also saying that to remain in this social status is just his ‘fate’, meaning the social norm. Hollingshead (2007, p. 285) explains that children have limited their horizons to the class horizon, and in the process they have unconsciously placed themselves in such a position that they will occupy the same levels as their parents. This being a direct effect of the capitalist ideology as Reissman (1953, p. 233) puts it, the proletarian can have no aspirations under capitalism, but instead must come to identify with their own class and aspire to an entirely different system of values. This entirely different ystem of values Reissman is referring to is that in many cases the lower class youth will pursue the quick rise to success and fame. In Natural Born Killers, Mickey and Mallory become international celebrities through their actions, they have fans and fame by taking the ‘short route’, regardless of the means used to get there. Williams and Mcshane (1993 p. 52) state that the lower class youth may be associated with and aspire to become a â€Å"policy king†: â€Å"I want to be a big shot†¦ have all of the guys look up to me. H ave a couple of lincolns, lots of broads and all of the coppers licking my shoes.As Natural Born Killers points the finger at the media for the glorification of violence, it also points a finger at capitalism for restraining the lower classes aspirations and confining them to a life of crime. Tshiwula (1998, p. 27) also shares this theory as she explains â€Å"capitalism is the root for the cause of much criminal behavior, particularly in crimes committed by the lower class. † Stuart Hall and David Morley’s work suggest that an individual’s social status can greatly influence how a text is decoded and the message they receive from it, regardless of the intended meaning.This suggests that people in a lower social status may see the antagonists as lower class heroes as they can relate to their situation. Semiotics in the film was used to signify the social gap between Mickey and Mallory, Wayne Gale, warden McClusky and officer Scagnetti. This explores the stereoty pes of social status in capitalist ideology. The film’s references to the lower class being confined to a life of crime and having restricted aspirations inform us that these factors are imposed by capitalism.Unfortunately, these points are still valid in modern society. Many people who come from low income families believe that having the occupation they desire is unachievable due to their social/financial status. This isn’t necessarily true, however people in this situation may think this due to what the rest of society thinks of them. Not only is the intended message of Natural Born Killers important in making people realize the media’s glorification of violence, but also the message of lower class stereotypes and how they affect the individuals within that class.This text also provides us with an extreme example of how a text can be decoded by different individuals. It’s safe to say that the oppositional reading of Natural Born Killers was a direct re sult of capitalist ideology and its influence on lower class individuals. References Hall, S. (1977) Culture, The Media and the ‘Ideological Effect’. America: Open University Hollingshead, A. (2007). Elmtown's Youth – The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents. Chicago, America: Case Press Morley, D. (1992). Television Audiences and Cultural Studies.New York, America: Routledge Penn, A. (Director) Newman, D. (Writer) (1967). Bonnie and Clyde [Motion Picture]. America: Warner Bros. Pictures Reissman, L. (1953). American Sociological Review: Volume 18. America: American Sociological Association Stone, O. (Director/Producer) Tarantino, Q. (Writer) (1994). Natural Born Killers [Motion Picture]. America: Warner Bros. Pictures Tshiwula, L. (1998). Crime and Delinquency. Pretoria, South Africa: Kagiso Publishers Williams, F. P. , & McShane, M. D (1993). Criminology Theory. America: Anderson Publishing Co Natural Born Killers & Capitalism Natural Born Killers Natural Born Killers (Warner Bros. Pictures, 1994) is a film directed by Oliver Stone. The story is about Mickey and Mallory Knox, two serial killers that travel across America on a killing spree which elevates them from criminals into international media celebrities. The story sounds like a modern day Bonnie and Clyde (Warner Bros. Pictures, 1967), however Mickey and Mallory's crimes are much more severe and without cause. Stone intended the film to be a critique on a culture obsessed with violence and the media’s glorification of violence.In Chaos Rising: The Storm Around Natural Born Killers’ (Warner Bros. Pictures, 1994) Stone explains â€Å"What I was doing was pointing the finger at the system that feeds off violence, and at the media that package it for mass consumption. † Unfortunately, many people perceived the message of Natural Born Killers as a glorification of violence. The film even inspired several copycat killings. The film Na tural Born Killers was intended to critique a culture obsessed with violence, yet inspired murders.The reason this film was decoded so differently by some viewers was due to social stereotypes imposed by capitalist ideology. How an audience perceives a message from a text is through the process of decoding. Those who produce a text encode it with messages and meanings through the use of semiotics. When the audience receives a text, they then decode and identify these meanings through the signs and signifiers. Morley (1992, p. 53) explains that meaning in a text is generated through two main factors. The first factor is the way a text is encoded through semiotics.This can invite certain readings and block others. The second is the social background of the receiver, which can be studied sociologically. The interaction of these two constraining structures will define the notion that a text can be interpreted in an infinite number of individual ways. Stuart Hall’s work on the rol e of social positions in the interpretation of mass media texts also helps explain this. His work was based around the three different ways a viewer can decode a text. The first is the dominant reading.This is when the reader shares the text’s code and accepts the intended reading. The second is the negotiated reading, which is when the reader partly accepts the intended reading but not completely. The reader then modifies it in a way that reflects their own position, experience sand interests. The third is the oppositional reading, which is when the reader’s social situation causes them to oppose the dominant code. They understand the intended reading but don’t agree with the code and reject the intended meaning, causing them to develop their own interpretation of the text.On March 6th 1995, teen couple Ben Darras and Sarah Edmondson shot a local businessman in Oklahoma. They then drove to Louisiana where they also shot a store store clerk. After their arrest, the couple said that they had been taking acid and watching Natural Born Killers several times. Upon Darras’s arrest he also shouted the words â€Å"I’m a natural born killer man†. Since the release of Natural Born Killers it has been linked to 8 murders. Each of the murderers shared the same lower class social position, and passion for the film.What can Hall and Morley’s work tell us about how this film was decoded so differently from its intended meaning by these adolescents? Hall (1977, p. 182) explains that texts are polysemic, meaning they may be read differently by different people depending on their identity, cultural background and personal opinions. Traditionally in film, those who commit acts of violence are villains who get punished for their crimes, while the police are seen as heroes. In this film the police are violent; one being a murderer himself.Throughout the film, Mickey and Mallory slaughter without reason yet by the end of the film th ey gain sympathy and likeability from the audience. An oppressed lower class audience may see Mickey and Mallory as lower class heroes as they overcome the oppressing system. Some may sympathize and relate with Mallory's abusive upbringing. An example of this is shown in the film when Mickey and Mallory leave Mallory's house after murdering her parents, the wallpaper displayed is an open bird cage, signifying that she is now free.In this scene the fact that they have just murdered two people is completely overshadowed by Mallory’s escape from an abusive environment. The viewer’s own personal situation, experiences and beliefs heavily influence how they decode the message of this film. Each of the individuals who committed copycat crimes after watching Natural Born Killers came from lower class social backgrounds. This implies that the social conditions that the lower classes endure under capitalism have a direct relation to why these individuals received the opposition al reading of the text.Natural Born Killers dwells on the fact that the two protagonists come from a lower class family, are uneducated, and how capitalist society associates people in this situation with crime. In the film Mickey calls himself a ‘natural born killer’ as he was born into the lower class, therefore society assumes he is a natural born criminal. He explains, â€Å"I was thrown into a flaming pit of scum, forgotten by God. † In this instance, Mickey refers to society and the members of it collectively as ‘God’. The use of semiotics to express this point is quite strong.Signs such as the way Mickey and Mallory speak, the way they dress, how they are groomed and the families that they come from signify that both are a part of the lower class. Other important characters in the film, such as officer Scagnetti, warden McClusky and reporter Wayne Gale wear suits, speak well and are also well groomed. Several shots in the film such as Wayne Ga le trimming his nose hairs and McClusky combing his moustache are used to emphasize their appearance and social status. These characters are portrayed like this to signify that they are higher within the capitalist social hierarchy.All three seek control over Mickey and Mallory for personal gain, implying that the higher classes seek to control the lower class. As the film addresses the difference in occupation of classes in a capitalist society, it also addresses the aspiration levels of the lower class. As revealed previously, Mickey explains that society turned its back on him. He also states â€Å"I came from violence, it was in my blood. My dad had it, his dad had it. It’s just my fate. † Here Mickey is saying that he came from a lower class, as did his father and grandfather.He is also saying that to remain in this social status is just his ‘fate’, meaning the social norm. Hollingshead (2007, p. 285) explains that children have limited their horizons to the class horizon, and in the process they have unconsciously placed themselves in such a position that they will occupy the same levels as their parents. This being a direct effect of the capitalist ideology as Reissman (1953, p. 233) puts it, the proletarian can have no aspirations under capitalism, but instead must come to identify with their own class and aspire to an entirely different system of values. This entirely different ystem of values Reissman is referring to is that in many cases the lower class youth will pursue the quick rise to success and fame. In Natural Born Killers, Mickey and Mallory become international celebrities through their actions, they have fans and fame by taking the ‘short route’, regardless of the means used to get there. Williams and Mcshane (1993 p. 52) state that the lower class youth may be associated with and aspire to become a â€Å"policy king†: â€Å"I want to be a big shot†¦ have all of the guys look up to me. H ave a couple of lincolns, lots of broads and all of the coppers licking my shoes.As Natural Born Killers points the finger at the media for the glorification of violence, it also points a finger at capitalism for restraining the lower classes aspirations and confining them to a life of crime. Tshiwula (1998, p. 27) also shares this theory as she explains â€Å"capitalism is the root for the cause of much criminal behavior, particularly in crimes committed by the lower class. † Stuart Hall and David Morley’s work suggest that an individual’s social status can greatly influence how a text is decoded and the message they receive from it, regardless of the intended meaning.This suggests that people in a lower social status may see the antagonists as lower class heroes as they can relate to their situation. Semiotics in the film was used to signify the social gap between Mickey and Mallory, Wayne Gale, warden McClusky and officer Scagnetti. This explores the stereoty pes of social status in capitalist ideology. The film’s references to the lower class being confined to a life of crime and having restricted aspirations inform us that these factors are imposed by capitalism.Unfortunately, these points are still valid in modern society. Many people who come from low income families believe that having the occupation they desire is unachievable due to their social/financial status. This isn’t necessarily true, however people in this situation may think this due to what the rest of society thinks of them. Not only is the intended message of Natural Born Killers important in making people realize the media’s glorification of violence, but also the message of lower class stereotypes and how they affect the individuals within that class.This text also provides us with an extreme example of how a text can be decoded by different individuals. It’s safe to say that the oppositional reading of Natural Born Killers was a direct re sult of capitalist ideology and its influence on lower class individuals. References Hall, S. (1977) Culture, The Media and the ‘Ideological Effect’. America: Open University Hollingshead, A. (2007). Elmtown's Youth – The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents. Chicago, America: Case Press Morley, D. (1992). Television Audiences and Cultural Studies.New York, America: Routledge Penn, A. (Director) Newman, D. (Writer) (1967). Bonnie and Clyde [Motion Picture]. America: Warner Bros. Pictures Reissman, L. (1953). American Sociological Review: Volume 18. America: American Sociological Association Stone, O. (Director/Producer) Tarantino, Q. (Writer) (1994). Natural Born Killers [Motion Picture]. America: Warner Bros. Pictures Tshiwula, L. (1998). Crime and Delinquency. Pretoria, South Africa: Kagiso Publishers Williams, F. P. , & McShane, M. D (1993). Criminology Theory. America: Anderson Publishing Co